编程语言
从热度、使用率、喜爱程度与想用意愿，比较编程语言生态。
数据更新于
数据来源
语言热度领先
Python20.86%2026 年 11 月开发者使用领先
JavaScript62%2026 年调查开发者喜爱领先
Elm94.1%2026 年调查开发者想用领先Python33.4%2026 年调查
Python20.86%2026 年 11 月开发者使用领先JavaScript62%2026 年调查开发者喜爱领先Elm94.1%2026 年调查开发者想用领先Python33.4%2026 年调查语言热度
搜索关注度指数，不代表开发者使用率。
2026 年 11 月月度指数
选择语言
查看数据
- Python20.86%
C11.48%
Java8.89%
C++8.35%
C#3.39%- JavaScript2.42%
R2.27%
SQL1.91%
Visual Basic1.88%
Go1.69%
Rust1.63%
PHP1.58%
Fortran1.21%
Scratch1.15%
Perl1.14%
MATLAB1.08%
Assembly language0.92%
Swift0.89%
Delphi/Object Pascal0.78%
Dart0.74%- VBScript0.71%
- Classic Visual Basic0.69%
Julia0.68%
COBOL0.67%- ABAP0.67%
- SAS0.66%
- PL/SQL0.62%
- Ada0.61%
Objective-C0.6%
Ruby0.54%
Prolog0.52%
Lua0.49%
Kotlin0.44%
OCaml0.43%- D0.41%
- Lisp0.41%
- Ladder Logic0.38%
Scala0.34%
Haskell0.28%- Caml0.26%
TypeScript0.26%- GML0.25%
- ML0.25%
- Xojo0.25%
- (Visual) FoxPro0.24%
- XSLT0.23%
- Transact-SQL0.23%
LabVIEW0.23%
Solidity0.23%
Clojure0.23%
TIOBE Index ↗采集于 2026-11-12
公开 Top50（21—50 名为来源补充表）轻触柱形查看完整名称与数值
开发者使用
受访者过去一年使用过的语言，问卷允许多选。
2026 年调查全部受访者
选择语言
查看数据
- JavaScript62%
- SQL58.4%
HTML/CSS58.2%- Python58%
Bash/Shell (all shells)51.3%- TypeScript43.8%
- Java27.6%
- C#27.1%
PowerShell24.6%- C++24.3%
- C21.8%
- Rust18%
- PHP17.7%
- Go16.5%
- Kotlin10.8%
- Lua9.4%
- Assembly7.2%
- Swift5.9%
- Ruby5.8%
- Other5.2%
- Dart4.9%
- R4.5%
Nix4.4%- GDScript4%
- Visual Basic (.Net)4%
Groovy3.9%- VBA3.9%
- Perl3.8%
- MATLAB3.6%
Zig2.8%- MicroPython2.7%
Elixir2.6%- Lisp2.6%
- Objective-C2.5%
- Haskell2.3%
- Scala2.2%
- Delphi1.9%
- Fortran1.7%
- Erlang1.5%
- Julia1.5%
- Clojure1.3%
- Ada1.2%
F#1.2%
Gleam1.2%- OCaml1.2%
- COBOL1.1%
- Prolog0.9%
- Solidity0.8%
- Mojo0.6%
Odin0.2%- Elm0.1%
Stack Overflow Developer Survey ↗采集于 2026-11-12
All Respondents；原问卷含编程、脚本和标记语言轻触柱形查看完整名称与数值
开发者喜爱
已经使用这门语言的人中，希望继续使用的比例。
2026 年调查全部受访者
选择语言
查看数据
- Elm94.1%
- Odin82.4%
- Rust67.4%
- Elixir62.1%
- Zig58.3%
- Nix56.8%
- Lisp55.4%
- GDScript53.8%
- TypeScript53%
- Gleam52.3%
- OCaml51.5%
- SQL51.4%
- Python50.6%
- C#50%
- Go49.5%
- Erlang49.1%
- Clojure48.7%
- Swift48.5%
- Assembly48.3%
- F#48.3%
- Bash/Shell (all shells)48.1%
- Haskell47.8%
- HTML/CSS47.8%
- Julia47.4%
- C45.9%
- C++45.8%
- Mojo45.1%
- Kotlin43.1%
- Ruby42.4%
- Dart42.3%
- JavaScript42%
- Solidity41.5%
- Lua40.8%
- R40.7%
- Scala39.2%
- Java38.5%
- Ada38.4%
- MicroPython37%
- Delphi36%
- PHP35.7%
- Prolog34.1%
- Fortran33.1%
- PowerShell31.5%
- Perl30.7%
- COBOL28%
- Visual Basic (.Net)25.5%
- MATLAB24.4%
- Groovy21.9%
- Objective-C21.3%
- VBA20.1%
Stack Overflow Developer Survey ↗采集于 2026-11-12
小样本语言可能有较高喜爱比例，单项样本基数未提供，请结合使用率查看。轻触柱形查看完整名称与数值
开发者想用
受访者接下来希望使用的语言，包括已经在用的人。
2026 年调查全部受访者
选择语言
查看数据
- Python33.4%
- SQL32%
- HTML/CSS29%
- JavaScript27.8%
- TypeScript27.5%
- Rust26.3%
- Bash/Shell (all shells)25.8%
- Go17.7%
- C#16.5%
- C++15.8%
- C14.2%
- Java13.1%
- Kotlin9.4%
- PowerShell8.7%
- Zig8%
- PHP7.6%
- Assembly6.8%
- Lua6.4%
- Swift5.3%
- Elixir4.7%
- Haskell4.5%
- Nix4.3%
- Dart4.1%
- Ruby4.1%
- GDScript4%
- Lisp3.5%
- R3.3%
- Erlang2.8%
- Gleam2.7%
- OCaml2.6%
- Clojure2.5%
- Julia2.5%
- Scala2.5%
- MicroPython2.4%
- F#2.3%
- Perl2.2%
- Ada1.8%
- MATLAB1.8%
- Visual Basic (.Net)1.8%
- Fortran1.7%
- Groovy1.7%
- COBOL1.5%
- Mojo1.5%
- Objective-C1.5%
- Prolog1.5%
- Delphi1.4%
- VBA1.4%
- Solidity1.1%
- Odin0.5%
- Elm0.1%
Stack Overflow Developer Survey ↗采集于 2026-11-12
All Respondents；原问卷含编程、脚本和标记语言轻触柱形查看完整名称与数值
语言横向对照
把关注度、实际使用与未来意愿放在一起看，也看看热度相比去年如何变化。
| 语言 | TIOBE 热度 指数 / 排名 | 热度同比 百分点 | 去年名次 今年变动 | 使用比例 SO 调查 | 使用人数 SO 调查 | 喜爱比例 使用者继续使用 | 想用比例 SO 调查 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JavaScript | 2.42%#6 | -1.00 | #6持平 | 62% | 8,742 | 42% | 27.8% |
| SQL | 1.91%#8 | +0.11 | #10↑2 | 58.4% | 8,237 | 51.4% | 32% |
| HTML/CSS | — | — | — | 58.2% | 8,212 | 47.8% | 29% |
| Python | 20.86%#1 | -2.51 | #1持平 | 58% | 8,184 | 50.6% | 33.4% |
| Bash/Shell (all shells) | — | — | — | 51.3% | 7,231 | 48.1% | 25.8% |
| TypeScript | 0.26%#41 | — | — | 43.8% | 6,171 | 53% | 27.5% |
| Java | 8.89%#3 | +0.34 | #4↑1 | 27.6% | 3,885 | 38.5% | 13.1% |
| C# | 3.39%#5 | -4.26 | #5持平 | 27.1% | 3,826 | 50% | 16.5% |
| PowerShell | — | — | — | 24.6% | 3,472 | 31.5% | 8.7% |
| C++ | 8.35%#4 | -0.60 | #3↓1 | 24.3% | 3,425 | 45.8% | 15.8% |
| C | 11.48%#2 | +1.80 | #2持平 | 21.8% | 3,070 | 45.9% | 14.2% |
| Rust | 1.63%#11 | +0.25 | #14↑3 | 18% | 2,542 | 67.4% | 26.3% |
| PHP | 1.58%#12 | +0.27 | #16↑4 | 17.7% | 2,490 | 35.7% | 7.6% |
| Go | 1.69%#10 | -0.03 | #11↑1 | 16.5% | 2,332 | 49.5% | 17.7% |
| Kotlin | 0.44%#33 | — | — | 10.8% | 1,524 | 43.1% | 9.4% |
| Lua | 0.49%#32 | — | — | 9.4% | 1,327 | 40.8% | 6.4% |
| Assembly | — | — | — | 7.2% | 1,020 | 48.3% | 6.8% |
| Swift | 0.89%#18 | +0.03 | #21↑3 | 5.9% | 831 | 48.5% | 5.3% |
| Ruby | 0.54%#30 | — | — | 5.8% | 823 | 42.4% | 4.1% |
| Other | — | — | — | 5.2% | 733 | — | — |
| Dart | 0.74%#20 | +0.05 | #26↑6 | 4.9% | 697 | 42.3% | 4.1% |
| R | 2.27%#7 | +0.60 | #12↑5 | 4.5% | 639 | 40.7% | 3.3% |
| Nix | — | — | — | 4.4% | 623 | 56.8% | 4.3% |
| GDScript | — | — | — | 4% | 571 | 53.8% | 4% |
| Visual Basic (.Net) | — | — | — | 4% | 557 | 25.5% | 1.8% |
| Groovy | — | — | — | 3.9% | 544 | 21.9% | 1.7% |
| VBA | — | — | — | 3.9% | 552 | 20.1% | 1.4% |
| Perl | 1.14%#15 | -0.69 | #9↓6 | 3.8% | 538 | 30.7% | 2.2% |
| MATLAB | 1.08%#16 | -0.30 | #15↓1 | 3.6% | 513 | 24.4% | 1.8% |
| Zig | — | — | — | 2.8% | 398 | 58.3% | 8% |
| MicroPython | — | — | — | 2.7% | 384 | 37% | 2.4% |
| Elixir | — | — | — | 2.6% | 367 | 62.1% | 4.7% |
| Lisp | 0.41%#36 | — | — | 2.6% | 368 | 55.4% | 3.5% |
| Objective-C | 0.6%#29 | — | — | 2.5% | 357 | 21.3% | 1.5% |
| Haskell | 0.28%#39 | — | — | 2.3% | 324 | 47.8% | 4.5% |
| Scala | 0.34%#38 | — | — | 2.2% | 309 | 39.2% | 2.5% |
| Delphi | — | — | — | 1.9% | 267 | 36% | 1.4% |
| Fortran | 1.21%#13 | -0.34 | #13持平 | 1.7% | 239 | 33.1% | 1.7% |
| Erlang | — | — | — | 1.5% | 218 | 49.1% | 2.8% |
| Julia | 0.68%#23 | — | — | 1.5% | 211 | 47.4% | 2.5% |
| Clojure | 0.23%#50 | — | — | 1.3% | 187 | 48.7% | 2.5% |
| Ada | 0.61%#28 | — | — | 1.2% | 172 | 38.4% | 1.8% |
| F# | — | — | — | 1.2% | 172 | 48.3% | 2.3% |
| Gleam | — | — | — | 1.2% | 176 | 52.3% | 2.7% |
| OCaml | 0.43%#34 | — | — | 1.2% | 165 | 51.5% | 2.6% |
| COBOL | 0.67%#24 | — | — | 1.1% | 150 | 28% | 1.5% |
| Prolog | 0.52%#31 | — | — | 0.9% | 129 | 34.1% | 1.5% |
| Solidity | 0.23%#49 | — | — | 0.8% | 118 | 41.5% | 1.1% |
| Mojo | — | — | — | 0.6% | 82 | 45.1% | 1.5% |
| Odin | — | — | — | 0.2% | 34 | 82.4% | 0.5% |
| Elm | — | — | — | 0.1% | 17 | 94.1% | 0.1% |
| (Visual) FoxPro | 0.24%#45 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ABAP | 0.67%#25 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Assembly language | 0.92%#17 | -0.24 | #18↑1 | — | — | — | — |
| Caml | 0.26%#40 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Classic Visual Basic | 0.69%#22 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| D | 0.41%#35 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Delphi/Object Pascal | 0.78%#19 | -1.28 | #8↓11 | — | — | — | — |
| GML | 0.25%#42 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| LabVIEW | 0.23%#48 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Ladder Logic | 0.38%#37 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ML | 0.25%#43 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| PL/SQL | 0.62%#27 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| SAS | 0.66%#26 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Scratch | 1.15%#14 | +0.13 | #19↑5 | — | — | — | — |
| Transact-SQL | 0.23%#47 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| VBScript | 0.71%#21 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Visual Basic | 1.88%#9 | -1.43 | #7↓2 | — | — | — | — |
| Xojo | 0.25%#44 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| XSLT | 0.23%#46 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
左右滑动查看完整指标 · — 表示该来源未收录或未提供
TIOBE 与 SO 的统计方法和时间范围不同，请分别解读。喜爱比例的分母是这门语言的使用者；使用、想用比例按原问卷定义统计。各列独立排序，不计算综合分。来源名称不同的条目分别保留。